Buying a used forklift can be a smart choice for businesses looking to save on costs while still obtaining essential equipment. However, a thorough inspection is crucial to ensure that the forklift is safe, functional, and worth the investment.
Here are some key tips for inspecting used forklifts for sale to help you make an informed decision.
1. Check the Forks and Mast Condition
Start by inspecting the forks and mast, as these are critical components that bear the brunt of heavy lifting. Look for any visible cracks, bends, or signs of wear on the forks. Even small cracks can weaken the structure and make the forks unsafe for lifting. Make sure the forks are straight and that there are no welds, as these could indicate previous damage.
Examine the mast for smooth movement. Extend the mast to its full height and observe how it operates. If you notice jerking, unusual sounds, or resistance, there may be issues with the hydraulic system or the mast’s structural integrity.
2. Inspect the Hydraulic System
The hydraulic system is essential to the forklift’s operation. Check the hydraulic cylinders, hoses, and connections for any leaks, cracks, or signs of wear. A leaking hydraulic system is a red flag, as repairs can be costly, and it could lead to performance issues. Test the hydraulic functions, including lifting, tilting, and side-shifting (if applicable), to ensure they operate smoothly and without delay.
3. Examine the Tires
Tires are often overlooked during inspections, but they are critical to forklift performance and safety. Check for any signs of excessive wear, cracks, or uneven tread. Solid tires should be free of cuts and chunks, while pneumatic tires should have good tread and no signs of punctures. Uneven tire wear can indicate alignment issues or an uneven load distribution, which may lead to handling problems.
4. Evaluate the Engine and Transmission
If the forklift has an internal combustion engine (e.g., diesel, gasoline, or LPG), check the engine and transmission for performance issues. Start the forklift and listen for any unusual noises, such as knocking, grinding, or squealing, which could indicate worn parts.
Inspect the engine for leaks, excessive smoke, or oil discoloration. Transmission issues can be costly to repair, so test the forklift in forward and reverse gears to ensure it shifts smoothly without hesitation.
For electric forklifts, inspect the battery condition and test for any issues in operation. Batteries for electric forklifts are costly to replace, so ask for information on the battery’s age and service history. Look for corrosion or leaks on the battery terminals and cables.
5. Check the Brakes and Steering
Brakes and steering are critical safety components that must be in good working order. Test the brakes by driving the forklift at a moderate speed and then applying the brakes to see how responsive they are. The brakes should engage smoothly without any delay, squealing, or grinding sounds. Inspect the brake pedal for signs of wear, and ensure it doesn’t feel too soft or too hard.
Test the steering by making several turns in both directions. The steering should feel responsive, and there should be no resistance or unusual sounds. Difficulty with steering may indicate issues with the power steering system, hydraulic fluid levels, or worn components.
6. Look for Structural Damage or Repairs
Inspect the entire forklift for signs of structural damage or previous repairs. Look closely at the frame, overhead guard, and any welded areas. Any visible welds or patches on the frame may indicate previous damage. Structural damage can compromise the forklift’s ability to handle loads safely, so avoid purchasing units with noticeable repairs in key structural areas.
7. Test the Forklift’s Safety Features
Forklifts come equipped with various safety features to protect the operator and others in the work area. Check the condition and functionality of seat belts, horn, lights (headlights, tail lights, and warning lights), and any alarms or beacons. Test each feature to ensure it works properly, as malfunctioning safety equipment could result in accidents or regulatory fines.
If the forklift has an operator presence system, which automatically shuts down the forklift if the operator leaves the seat, test this feature to ensure it functions as intended.
8. Review the Maintenance and Service History
Request the maintenance and service history of the forklift from the seller. This documentation can provide insight into how well the forklift was maintained and highlight any recurring issues.
Look for a regular schedule of preventive maintenance, such as oil changes, filter replacements, and inspections. Gaps in the maintenance record or a lack of documentation could indicate neglect, which may lead to mechanical problems later on.
9. Check the Hour Meter
The hour meter on a forklift functions similarly to an odometer on a car, measuring how long the forklift has been in use. While some wear and tear are expected on any used forklift, excessive hours may indicate that the forklift is close to the end of its operational life.
Forklifts typically have a lifespan of around 10,000 hours, though this varies based on the brand and type of forklift. Compare the hour meter reading with the general condition of the forklift to see if the wear matches the reported usage.
10. Take It for a Test Drive
Finally, take the forklift for a test drive to get a feel for its overall performance. Drive the forklift in different directions, test all controls, and operate it as you would in your work environment. Pay attention to how the forklift handles, as well as any noises, vibrations, or operational issues.
A test drive will give you a better understanding of the forklift’s current condition and whether it will meet your needs.
Buy A Used Forklift
Purchasing a used forklift can be a cost-effective choice for your business, but only if it’s in good condition. By following these inspection tips, you can identify potential issues and ensure you’re making a wise investment.
Take the time to thoroughly inspect the forklift, review its service history, and conduct a test drive. With careful attention to detail, you’ll be able to purchase a reliable forklift that supports your operations for years to come.
